สัมพันธบท ผู้คน และสังคมชาวใต้ Southern Thai’s Ancient Teaching Literature: Intertextuality, People, and Society

Authors

  • Phatchalin Jeennoon Thaksin University

Keywords:

วรรณกรรมคำสอนภาคใต้สมัยโบราณ, สัมพันธบท, ผู้คน, สังคมชาวใต้, Southern Thai’s Ancient Teaching Literature, Intertextuality, People, Southern Society

Abstract

บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษา “วรรณกรรมคำสอนภาคใต้สมัยโบราณ : สัมพันธบท ผู้คน และสังคมชาวใต้” ผลการศึกษาพบว่า วรรณกรรมคำสอนภาคใต้ สมัยโบราณมีเนื้อหาส่วนใหญ่สัมพันธ์กับวรรณกรรมคำสอนภาคกลาง ตั้งแต่การตั้งชื่อเรื่อง การเรียบเรียงเนื้อหาคำสอน และสาระคำสอน ต่างกันที่รายละเอียดปลีกย่อย ด้านการใช้คำและความในบางวรรคและบางบท อย่างไรก็ตาม วรรณกรรมคำสอนกลุ่มนี้ ได้สะท้อนให้เห็นความคิด ความเชื่อของชาวใต้ต่อเรื่องนรกสวรรค์ และการไปนิพพานอย่างชัดเจน มีนัยในการใช้วิถีแห่งพระพุทธศาสนาเป็นเครื่องมือในการปกครองคนหรือควบคุมสังคม ชาวใต้ยังมีคตินิยมทางสังคมเรื่องการวางตนที่ต้อง “สมหญิง สมชาย สมวัย” โดยสอนกันตั้งแต่เด็ก หนุ่มสาว กระทั่งมีครอบครัว ทั้งให้ความสำคัญกับการคบหาคน โดยสอนให้พิจารณาอย่างถึงรากถึงแก่นและสอนอย่างเข้มข้นเพื่อมิให้ตกหลุมพรางของ คนชั่ว ตลอดจนยึดโยงความสัมพันธ์ของคนตามระบบศักดินาและอำนาจ ตั้งแต่ ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างกษัตริย์กับขุนนาง ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างขุนนางกับข้าทาสในเรือนเบี้ย และความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างชายหญิง โดยเน้นสอนผู้หญิงมากเป็นพิเศษ ให้มีภาพลักษณ์ ที่สำรวม เชื่อฟัง เก็บตัว และรักษาศีลข้อที่สามอย่างเคร่งครัด การจัดความสัมพันธ์นี้ส่วนหนึ่งเพื่อเอื้อต่อระบบการเมืองการปกครองของรัฐ ส่วนกลาง และท้องถิ่น ส่วนหนึ่งมาจากฐานคิดวาทกรรมชายเป็นใหญ่ อีกส่วนหนึ่งเพื่อให้เกิดสวัสดิภาพในการดำเนินชีวิตท่ามกลางสังคม พหุวัฒนธรรมในภาคใต้ This article aimed to study "Southern Thai’s Ancient Teaching Literature: Intertextuality, People, and Society". The study found some connection between parts of the Southern Thai’s ancient teaching literature and Central Thai’s literature which could be ranged from teaching titles, teaching compilation, and teaching essence, while some minor differences of wording on paragraphs and chapters also could be found. This group of literature reflected thoughts and beliefs of the ancient Southerner on the issue of heaven, hell, and nirvana, representing the use of Buddhist disciplines as a tool for governing people and controlling society. It is also found that the ancient Southerner determined some social conducts on "age and sexuality" which were taught to the young and the old. Also, there were some teachings about fellowship, focusing on deep and intense consideration of how to avoid bad people’s traps. These feudal teachings were represented through relationships between the king and noblemen, master and servant, and also men and women. It was highly emphasized on the issue of women to retain good conduct, to obey, to be introvert, and to be abstain from sexual misconduct. The teaching literature is kind of relationship management, based on patriarchy discourses, aimed to support central and local administration, and also the peaceful life of the Thai Southerner’s multi-cultural society.

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Published

2018-08-23

How to Cite

Jeennoon, P. (2018). สัมพันธบท ผู้คน และสังคมชาวใต้ Southern Thai’s Ancient Teaching Literature: Intertextuality, People, and Society. วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสุราษฎร์ธานี (Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, SRU), 10(2), 67–110. Retrieved from https://e-journal.sru.ac.th/index.php/jhsc/article/view/903