การเมืองเหนือพื้นที่ป่าเขา : การต่อสู้ทางวาทกรรม ผ่านประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์เกี่ยวกับกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์บนพื้นที่สูงภาคเหนือ The politics over mountain space: The struggle of the discourses in the historiography about the ethnic groups in the highland of Northern
Keywords:
การเมืองเหนือพื้นที่ป่าเขา การต่อสู้วาทกรรม, ประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์, กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์, พื้นที่สูงภาคเหนือ, The politics over mountain space, The struggle of the discourses, Historiography, Ethnic Groups, The highland of Northern ThailandAbstract
บทความนี้ใช้แนวพินิจทางประวัติศาสตร์ โดยพยายามแสดงให้เห็นถึงการเกิดขึ้นและการต่อสู้ของวาทกรรมอันหลากหลายเกี่ยวกับกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์บนพื้นที่สูงภาคเหนือในงานประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์อย่างสัมพันธ์กับบริบททางการเมือง เศรษฐกิจและสังคมในแต่ละช่วงเวลา และเงื่อนไขที่ทำให้กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์บนพื้นที่สูงภาคเหนือยังมิได้รับความเป็นธรรมทางกฎหมายด้านทรัพยากรในปัจจุบัน ในส่วนของข้อมูลจะเน้นการวิพากษ์หลักฐานจากเอกสารที่เกี่ยวข้อง ผลการศึกษาพบว่า วาทกรรมเกี่ยวกับกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์บนพื้นที่สูงภาคเหนือจากมุมมองของชนชั้นนำทางการเมืองหรือรัฐปรากฏขึ้นตั้งแต่สมัยจารีต ในช่วงเวลานี้มีการให้ความหมายเชิงบวกแก่กลุ่มชนดังกล่าว แต่เมื่อบริบทของสังคมไทยเริ่มเปลี่ยนแปลงไป การให้ความหมายของชนชั้นนำหรือรัฐเริ่มเปลี่ยนไปสู่การสร้างวาทกรรมเชิงลบแก่กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์บนพื้นที่สูงภาคเหนือ อย่างไรก็ตามในทศวรรษ 2520 เป็นต้นมา ได้เกิดการเขียนงานประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์กระแสรองขึ้นตอบโต้วาทกรรมของภาครัฐ เพื่อสร้างความเป็นธรรมให้แก่กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์บนพื้นที่สูงภาคเหนือ แต่ด้วยบริบทของแนวคิดเกี่ยวกับพื้นที่ของรัฐ การลดบทบาทขององค์กรพัฒนาเอกชน และความเป็นเผด็จการทางการเมืองในปัจจุบัน กลายเป็นอุปสรรค์ให้กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์บนพื้นที่สูงภาคเหนือไม่สามารถได้รับความเป็นธรรมทางกฎหมายด้านทรัพยากรอย่างแท้จริง
Abstract This article uses a historical approach and attempts to illustrate the emergence and the struggle of a variety of discourses in the historiography about the ethnic groups in the highland of Northern Thailand with related to the political, economic, and social context in each period. And the conditions that make the ethnic groups on the highland of Northern Thailand do not get legal unfairness at the present time. In the data section will focus on criticism of relevant documents. The study found that the discourses about the ethnic groups in the highland of Northern Thailand from the perspective of the political elites or state appears from Pre-Modern era. At this time, positive aspect was given to these ethnic groups. But when the context of Thai society began to change. The definition of the elites or the state begin to shift towards the creation of negative discourses for ethnic groups in the highland of Northern Thailand. However, since the early 1977s, the Counter Mainstream Historiography was written in response to the discourses of the government to create a fairness for ethnic groups in the highland of Northern Thailand. But with the context of the concept of the state space, reducing the role of NGOs, and the current political dictatorship. It has become a hindrance for ethnic groups in the Northern Highlands do not get legal unfairness.
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